Ngaruawahia (M?ori: "Ng?ruaw?hia"; M?ori pronunciation: [?a:??a'wa:hia]) (pop. 5,506) is a town in the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Hamilton at the confluence of the Waikato and Waipa Rivers, adjacent to the Hakarimata Range. Ngaruawahia lies within the Hamilton Urban Area, the fourth largest urban area in New Zealand. The location was once considered as a potential capital of New Zealand.
Video Ngaruawahia
Name origin
The name Ng?ruaw?hia means "the opened food pits", which derives from a great feast in the 17th century. Te Ngaere, a Ng?ti Tamainup? chief, and Heke-i-te-rangi, a Ng?ti Maniapoto woman, had eloped and settled at Ngaruawahia, causing a rift between their tribes. When their first child was born, Ng?ti Maniapoto were invited to the celebration in an attempt to reconcile the tribes. Te Ngaere's father named the boy Te Mana-o-te-rangi in honour of Ng?ti Maniapoto. Peace was established between the tribes, and Te Ngaere shouted "W?hia ng? rua" (break open the food pits).
Maps Ngaruawahia
History
During the 19th century, Ngaruawahia was named Queenstown and then Newcastle. However, the town returned to the original name in 1878. Despite M?ori protest, sales of confiscated land went ahead in 1864, shortly after the invasion.
20th century
A 100 hp (75 kW) gas power station was built in Herschell St in 1913 by the Town Board for lighting. It used Glen Massey coal, which was converted to gas in a Cambridge Patent Gas Producer (many were used about this time in Australasia) and used to drive a 2-cylinder gas engine. It closed in 1924. Much of the machinery was removed in 1950 and from 1954 the building was used as a scout hall.
Officers from the United States visited Ngaruawahia during World War II and would share food at H?ngis. Queen Elizabeth II has visited Ngaruawahia on two occasions (1953 & 1974). On the latter occasion, then M?ori Queen Dame Te ?tairangikaahu and her husband Whatumoana Paki welcomed Queen Elizabeth II to the local marae. The Great Ngaruawahia Music Festival was held in 1973, and featured many music acts, including some that went on to become internationally famous such as Black Sabbath and Split Enz. It was the first large outdoor music festival in New Zealand.
In 1980, Mayor Latta released a book about the history of the town titled 'Meeting of the Waters'.
In March 1998, a freight train derailed on the local North Island Main Trunk line's rail bridge across the Waikato River. The incident caused structural damage to the bridge.
21st century
By April 2001, the damaged rail bridge was mended.
In 2008, Ngaruawahia set a world record for the largest haka and by 2010 the town had its own community news.
In 2011, murals were installed for Ngaruawahia's 150th anniversary in 2013 Ngaruawahia High School (which opened in 1963) celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2013.
In May 2016, Heather du Plessis-Allan (an NZME broadcaster) claimed that the "town is rotting". The broadcaster later accepted a challenge to visit the town and an article relating to the incident appeared on a Waikato Times front page. According to Waikato District Mayor Allan Sanson, du Plessis-Allan "really upset locals". In June 2016, local mayor Allan Sanson said du Plessis-Allan spent around three hours in the town, apologizing to residents.
Waikato River crossings
Until the Waikato invasion the rivers were the main transport routes, but, after the Great South Road and main trunk line were built, the rivers became barriers, which needed crossings.
As early as 1870 a public meeting called for a bridge, but a punt continued to be the main means of crossing the river until the road-rail bridge opened for traffic in 1876. So long as there were few trains, there was little complaint that gates closed 10 minutes before a train was due. However, by the 1900s road and rail traffic was increasing, averaging 20 trains, 275 pedestrians, 43 equestrians, 29 light vehicles, 18 milk carts, 6 wagons, and 55 stock a day in 1910.
1921 single-lane road bridge
A survey for a road bridge was done in 1911. Test borings for piles were done in 1912. The Ngaruawahia Town Board and Waikato, Waipa, and Raglan County Councils agreed to share the cost in 1914. The State Advances office lent £2,500 for the bridge in 1915. Wartime shortages caused further delays, but by 1917 the new bridge was taking shape. Further delay occurred when additional piles had to be driven. The Minister reported the work well in hand in 1919, but then a temporary bridge, used in construction, was hit by a steamer. Work got under way again, £3,000 was in the Public Works Estimates and the bridge was reported complete in 1920, except for its approaches. The bridge opened in 1921 and, on 28 July 1921, was officially opened by the Minister of Public Works, J. G. Coates. It was 12 ft (3.7 m) wide and 436 ft (133 m) long, made up of 3 x 123 ft (37 m), a 43 ft (13 m) and a 20 ft (6.1 m) span. Two piers were in the river on 6 ft (1.8 m) concrete cylinders sunk 37 ft (11 m) below normal water-level. The others were reinforced concrete on concrete piling and the deck and trusses of Australian hardwood.
Complaints had been made about a single-lane bridge since before it was built, so, when the new NIMT bridge was built, the Main Highways Board leased the old one and added decking. The conversion was completed in early November 1931, allowing 2-way traffic. Single lane traffic was reinstated for a few months in 1936 to allow a 40 ft (12 m) truss on the 1921 bridge to be replaced. Traffic was still increasing. In 1935 traffic between Ohinewai and Ngaruawahia averaged 660 vehicles a day. By 1938 it had risen to 1,329.
1956 bridge
On 13 March 1953 a contract was let for a new steel truss bridge. An April 1955 photo shows two piers in the river. On 20 August 1955 the centre span was placed and a 1955 photo shows the bridge almost finished. The first car drove over the bridge on 19 October 1956. By 2008 17,392 vehicles a day were crossing the bridge. No more recent counts have been published, but, after the opening of the Taupiri link in 2013, traffic on the Great South Rd in Ngaruawahia, was 12,467 in 2015, suggesting that traffic on the bridge has been reduced by about 5,000 vehicles a day.
Community
M?ori King Movement
Ngaruawahia is home to the K?ngitanga. The first M?ori King, P?tatau Te Wherowhero, was crowned at Ngaruawahia in 1858 and was living there when he died two years later. The current M?ori King is T?heitia Paki; he obtained the throne at T?rangawaewae Marae immediately following his mother's passing in 2006.
Tribal Huk
A local gang is Tribal Huk, who have been seen as heroes by the community for providing lunches to schoolchildren in Ngaruawahia, Hamilton and Huntly. In particular, they have been known for making sandwiches, which earned them the nickname "Sandwich Gang".
In October 2016, Tribal Huk president Jamie Pink started a movement against methamphetamine, known in New Zealand as "P". Waikato District Mayor Allan Sanson supported Pink's message to Ngaruawahia methamphetamine dealers to either leave the town within 24 hours or "visits" would begin. The demand was also supported by members of the community who had gathered at a local meeting, as methamphetamine was blamed for an apparent rise of crime in the town. According to a gang source, Ngaruawahia became P free, but the Police Association stated that there was no evidence that P dealers had left Ngaruawahia. There is additionally concern Pink has damaged the work that Tribal Huk did feeding a thousand Waikato schoolchildren.
In November 2016, another community meeting was held. Pink was not present."
Christianity
In the 1996 census, the majority of residents identified as Christian. A Bible is traditionally used during the crowning of a M?ori monarch. In 1995, the Holy Trinity Anglican Church burned down, and a new church had been built in its place by 1998.
On the northern side of the Waipa River is the Christian Youth Camps (CYC), the largest youth camp site in New Zealand. CYC started in the early 1960s with large Easter conventions. Today there are two separate camp sites on 38 hectares of land. The camp offers school holiday camps throughout the year. During the terms, the camps are used by various groups, including schools, churches and sporting organisations.
Sport and recreation
Football (soccer)
Ngaruawahia United, known as "The Green Machine", is the local football (soccer) club, founded in 1968. Centennial Park serves as the home ground for the club, and has been the home venue for ASB Premiership side Waikato FC in past seasons.
Rugby league
The town's rugby league teams are Ngaruawahia Panthers and T?rangawaewae. The Ngaruawahia Rugby League Club is the oldest such club in the Waikato. Early games were played on varying venues, for instance Taupiri paddock and Paterson Park. The first major match for the town was held in August 1911 when they lost to Auckland 22 - 36 at the Caledonian Ground in Frankton. Ngaruawahia did however beat Hamilton United 27 - 4 in the first ever Northern Union game to be played at Hamilton's Steele Park in 1912. The senior team were Champion of Champions in 1956 and 1957.
Ngaruawahia is the home of the rugby league team Turangawaewae RLC, which is named after the marae opposite the clubrooms. The club currently holds the record for the first team to win consecutive titles in the annual Waicoa Bay Premiers Competition, consisting of all teams in the Waikato, Coast and Bay Of Plenty regions. Ngaruawahia Rugby League Club (Panthers) are 2011 champions, Premiers, U17, U14, U13 are all champions.
River activities
The local regatta has been a fundamental event for the region for well over a century. An event is held every year in March on the Waikato River. The first regatta was an unofficial event in 1892, involving both M?ori and P?keh? festivities. The regatta provided a means of association between two ethnic groups, socially and culturally. The first official regatta took place in 1896 and since then has grown to become one of New Zealand's largest aquatic festivals. During the centennial regatta in March 1996, over 48,000 people visited the town to see thousands of performers from a number of countries.
For many years, jumping off the rail bridge has been a tradition. However, groups such as KiwiRail want the practice to end.
Hopuhopu
Hopuhopu is 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Ngaruawahia. From 1853 Hopuhopu had a boys' mission school, which lost most of its pupils in 1862 and, by 1863, was reported as in disrepair. The mission house burnt down in 1886. An army camp was built on the mission site in the 1920s, including its own water supply, ammunition dumps and a railway siding. A 1925 photograph showed only one building and many tents, but a 1955 aerial photo showed the extent of building, which was largely complete by 1927. In 1993 the camp was returned to Waikato-Tainui, who converted it to their headquarters and Waikato-Tainui College for Research and Development.
Former residents
- Shaun Kenny-Dowall, rugby league player
- Dallin Watene-Zelezniak, rugby league player
- Richard Tomlinson, MI6 officer
- Kelvin Cruickshank, television personality
See also
- Ngaruawahia Railway Station
- Glen Massey Line
Notes
References
External links
- 1861 drawing
- Auckland Weekly News photo - road and rail bridges in 1922
- 1926 photos of Hophopu
- Photo of 1936 tar sealing of Great South Rd
- Whites Aviation Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library photos of Waikato river bridges 1946 and 1947
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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